Biology revision

Biology Terminology Flashcards

Review foundational cell biology, genetics, ecology, and physiology terms with concise definitions.

12 flashcards Secondary school and introductory college Reviewed Jul 15, 2026

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Flashcards

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Question 1

What is the smallest structural and functional unit of life?

Answer
The cell.
Question 2

Which organelle encloses most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer
The nucleus.
Question 3

What process converts light energy into chemical energy in plants and many algae?

Answer
Photosynthesis.
Question 4

What is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane called?

Answer
Osmosis.
Question 5

Which molecule stores hereditary information in most living organisms?

Answer
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid.
Question 6

What is a biological catalyst, usually made of protein, called?

Answer
An enzyme.
Question 7

What type of cell division produces two genetically similar daughter cells?

Answer
Mitosis.
Question 8

What relationship benefits one organism while harming the other?

Answer
Parasitism.
Question 9

What is the maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions called?

Answer
Homeostasis.
Question 10

What term describes an organism's observable characteristics?

Answer
Its phenotype.
Question 11

What is the complete set of chemical reactions in an organism called?

Answer
Metabolism.
Question 12

What is the basic unit of heredity?

Answer
A gene.